Aniline (Dyed) Leather:
Leather that has been dyed, using aniline dyes, by immersion in dyebath and has not received any surface coating whatsoever. Such leather is not made today and the term has evolved to mean a leather with no surface coating.

Antique Grain:
A surface pattern of markings or creases, usually irregular, in which the hollows are often given a contrasting colour to produce a two-tone or two-colour effect. The creases are produced by embossing, boarding or other similar means.

Back:
(1) The main portion of a hide, obtained by cutting off the two bellies.
(2) Leather made from (1) . Bark Tanned Leather vegetable tanned, mainly by means of the tannins contained in the barks of trees.

Belly:
(1) Part of the hide covering the underside and the upper part of the legs of the animal.
(2) Leather made from this part.

Belly Grain:
The tanned outer (hair or grain) layer split from a belly.

Blue Spilt:
A hide or skin which has been split into two or more layers following the (chrome) tanning process.

Brushed Leather:
The creation of a velvet-like nap on the grain surface through a process of controlled surface abrasion.

Buffed Leather:
Leather from which the top surface of the grain has been removed by an abrasive or bladed cylinder or, less generally, by hand. In the case of upholstery leather the buffing process is invariably carried out by machine, though it is sometimes incorrectly described as "hand buffed". (See also Buffing).

Buffing:
(1) The thin grain of leather removed from a cattle hide by the splitting machine.
(2) The process of more or less removing the grain 1~yer by abrasion
(3) Removal of the flesh side of the leather by mechanical abrasion to produce a suede effect, or to reduce the substance. Synonymous with "fluffing" and now in more common use. Also known as "snuffing".

Butt:
The part of the hide after the bellies and shoulders have been removed.

Butt Split:
The under layers, split from the butt of a cattle hide.

Cattle Hide:
The outer covering of a fully grown bovine animal.

Chamois Leather:
(1) Leather made from sheep or lambskin, from which the grain has been removed by frizzing, and tanned by processes involving the oxidation of fish or marine animal oils in the skin, using either solely such oils (full oil chamois) or firstly, formaldehyde and then such oils (combination chamois). In France and the U.S.A. the term "chamois", without any qualification, is restricted to the flesh split of sheep or lambskin tanned solely with oils.
(2) Leather made from the skin of a mountain antelope or chamois (such leather is rare). Chrome Retan Leather which has been first chrome tanned throughout its thickness and subsequently further treated or tanned with vegetable and/or synthetic tanning agents and/or resin filling materials, these agents penetrating notably, but not necessarily completely, into the interior.

Chrome Tanned:
Leather tanned either solely with chromium salts or with chromium salts together with quite small amounts of some other tanning agent used merely to assist the chrome tanning process, and not in sufficient amount to alter the essential chrome tanned character of the leathers.

Combination Tanned:
Leather tanned by two or more tanning agents, e.g, chrome followed by vegetable (chrome re-tan), vegetable followed by chrome (semi-chrome), formaldehyde followed by oil (combination oil).

Corrected Grain Leather:
Leather from which the grain layer has been partially removed by buffing to a depth governed by the condition of the raw material and upon which a new surface has been built by various finishes.

Cow Hide:
(1) The outer covering of a mature female bovine animal.
(2) Leather made from unsplit cow hide or its grain split. Also, loosely, similar leather from the hide of any bovine animal. (The term is not to be applied to leather from the flesh split).

Curried Leather:
Leather, usually vegetable tanned, which has been subjected to the currying process, i.e. a series of dressing and finishing processes applied to leather after tanning in the course of which appropriate amounts of oils and greases are incorporated in the leather to give it increased tensile strength, flexibility and water-resisting properties.